The high resolution imperviousness products capture the percentage and change of soil sealing. Built-up areas are characterized by the substitution of the original (semi-) natural land cover or water surface with an artificial, often impervious cover. These artificial surfaces are usually maintained over long periods of time. A series of high resolution imperviousness datasets (for the 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015 reference years) with all artificially sealed areas was produced using automatic derivation based on calibrated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). This series of imperviousness layers constitutes the main status layers. They are per-pixel estimates of impermeable cover of soil (soil sealing) and are mapped as the degree of imperviousness (0-100%). Imperviousness change layers were produced as a difference between the reference years (2006-2009, 2009-2012, 2012-2015 and additionally 2006-2012, to fully match the CORINE Land Cover production cycle) and are presented 1) as degree of imperviousness change (-100% -- +100%), in 20m and 100m pixel size, and 2) a classified (categorical) 20m change product. The production of the High Resolution Imperviousness products was coordinated by the European Environment Agency in the frame of the EU Copernicus programme. A verification of the Imperviousness layer was performed by the National Land Survey of Iceland during autumn of 2018 and the data and resulting report are made available on the NLSI websites.

The combined Water and Wetness product is a thematic product showing the occurrence of water and wet surfaces over the period from 2009 to 2015. Two products are available: o The main Water and Wetness (WAW) product with defined classes of (1) permanent water, (2) temporary water, (3) permanent wetness and (4) temporary wetness. o The additional expert product: Water & Wetness Probability Index (WWPI) The products show the occurrence of water and indicate the degree of wetness in a physical sense, assessed independently of the actual vegetation cover and are thus not limited to a specific land cover class and their relative frequencies. A verification of the Water and Wetness layer was performed by the National Land Survey of Iceland during autumn of 2018 and the data and resulting report are made available on the NLSI websites.

The main high resolution grassland product is the Grassland layer, a grassland/non-grassland mask for the EEA39 area. This grassy and non-woody vegetation baseline product includes all kinds of grasslands: managed grassland, semi-natural grassland and natural grassy vegetation. It is a binary status layer mapping grassland and all non-grassland areas in 20m and (aggregated) 100m pixel size. Two additional (expert) products complete the high resolution grassland product: the Ploughing Indicator (PLOUGH) and the Grassland Vegetation Probability Index (GRAVPI). While the PLOUGH concentrates on historic land cover features with the aim to indicate ploughing activities in preceding years, the GRAVPI provides a measure of classification reliability. GRAVPI is a 20m pixel size product, mapping on a range of 1-100 the class probability. PLOUGH is a 20m pixel size additional product, mapping from 1-6 the number of years since the last indication of ploughing. A verification of the Grassland layer was performed by the National Land Survey of Iceland during autumn of 2018 and the data and resulting report are made available on the NLSI websites.

The high resolution forest product consists of three types of (status) products and additional change products. The status products are available for the 2012 and 2015 reference years: 1. Tree cover density providing level of tree cover density in a range from 0-100% 2. Dominant leaf type providing information on the dominant leaf type: broadleaved or coniferous 3. A Forest type product. The forest type product allows to get as close as possible to the FAO forest definition. In its original (20m) resolution it consists of two products: 1) a dominant leaf type product that has a MMU of 0.5 ha, as well as a 30% tree cover density threshold applied, and 2) a support layer that maps, based on the dominant leaf type product, trees under agricultural use and in urban context (derived from CLC and high resolution imperviousness 2009 data). For the final 100m product trees under agricultural use and urban context from the support layer are removed. The high resolution forest change products comprise a simple tree cover density change product for 2012-2015 (% increase or decrease of real tree cover density changes). A verification of the Tree Cover Density layer was performed by the National Land Survey of Iceland during autumn of 2018 and the data and resulting report are made available on the NLSI websites.

Riparian zones represent transitional areas occurring between land and freshwater ecosystems, characterised by distinctive hydrology, soil and biotic conditions and strongly influenced by the stream water. They provide a wide range of riparian functions (e.g. chemical filtration, flood control, bank stabilization, aquatic life and riparian wildlife support, etc.) and ecosystem services. The Riparian Zones products will support the objectives of several European legal acts and policy initiatives, such as the EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020, the Habitats and Birds Directives and the Water Framework Directive. Land Cover/Land Use (LC/LU) classification is tailored to the needs of biodiversity monitoring in a tailored buffer zone along large and medium-sized European rivers (with Strahler levels 3-8 derived from EU-Hydro). LC/LU is extracted from VHR satellite data and other available data in a buffer zone of selected rivers. The classes follow the pre-defined nomenclature on the basis of MAES typology of ecosystems (Level 1 to Level 4) and Corine Land Cover, providing 80 distinct thematic classes with a Minimum Mapping Unit (MMU) of 0.5 ha and a Minimum Mapping Width (MMW) of 10 m. The production of the Riparian Zones products was coordinated by the European Environment Agency in the frame of the EU Copernicus programme.

Gögnin eru upprunalega fengin með LIDAR mælingum vegna átaks í tengslum við Alþjóðlega heimskautaárið (International Polar Year). Verkefnið hófst árið 2007. Gögnum var safnað af verktaka, TopScan, 10. til 12 ágúst 2010; 9. ágúst 2011 og ágúst 2012. Skrá yfir eigindir fylgir ÍST 120:2012 Skráning og flokkun landupplýsinga. Gera má ráð fyrir að gögnin henti við vinnslu allt upp í mælikvarða 1:5.000.

Poligon data for buildings in Reykjavík, the capital city of Iceland. The data does not cover the whole country.

Corine Land Cover (CLC) 2018 and CLC change 2012-2018 are two of the datasets produced within the frame of the Initial Operations of the Copernicus programme (the European Earth monitoring programme previously known as GMES) on land monitoring.Corine Land Cover (CLC) provides consistent information on land cover and land cover changes across Europe. This inventory was initiated in 1985 (reference year 1990) and established a time series of land cover information with updates in 2000, 2006. 2012 and now 2018. CLC products are based on photointerpretation of satellite images by national teams of participating countries - the EEA member and cooperating countries – following a standard methodology and nomenclature with the following base parameters: 44 classes in the hierarchical three level Corine nomenclature; minimum mapping unit (MMU) for status layers is 25 hectares; minimum width of linear elements is 100 metres; minimum mapping unit (MMU) for Land Cover Changes (LCC) for the change layers is 5 hectares. The resulting national land cover inventories are further integrated into a seamless land cover map of Europe. Land cover and land use (LCLU) information is important not only for land change research, but also more broadly for the monitoring of environmental change, policy support, the creation of environmental indicators and reporting. CLC datasets provide important datasets supporting the implementation of key priority areas of the Environment Action Programmes of the European Union as protecting ecosystems, halting the loss of biological diversity, tracking the impacts of climate change, assessing development in agriculture and implementing the EU Water Framework Directive, among others. More about the Corine Land Cover (CLC) and Copernicus land monitoring data in general can be found at http://land.copernicus.eu/

Corine Land Cover (CLC) 2012 and CLC change 2006-2012 are two of the datasets produced within the frame of the Initial Operations of the Copernicus programme (the European Earth monitoring programme previously known as GMES) on land monitoring. Corine Land Cover (CLC) provides consistent information on land cover and land cover changes across Europe. This inventory was initiated in 1985 (reference year 1990) and established a time series of land cover information with updates in 2000, 2006 and 2012 being the last one. CLC products are based on photointerpretation of satellite images by national teams of participating countries - the EEA member and cooperating countries – following a standard methodology and nomenclature with the following base parameters: 44 classes in the hierarchical three level Corine nomenclature; minimum mapping unit (MMU) for status layers is 25 hectares; minimum width of linear elements is 100 metres; minimum mapping unit (MMU) for Land Cover Changes (LCC) for the change layers is 5 hectares. The resulting national land cover inventories are further integrated into a seamless land cover map of Europe.Land cover and land use (LCLU) information is important not only for land change research, but also more broadly for the monitoring of environmental change, policy support, the creation of environmental indicators and reporting. CLC datasets provide important datasets supporting the implementation of key priority areas of the Environment Action Programmes of the European Union as protecting ecosystems, halting the loss of biological diversity, tracking the impacts of climate change, assessing developments in agriculture and implementing the EU Water Framework Directive, among others.More about the Corine Land Cover (CLC) and Copernicus land monitoring data in general can be found at http://land.copernicus.eu/.

Nú hafa Landmælingar Íslands útbúið vefkort með því að staðsetja og klippa saman hin svokölluðu Herforingjaráðskort. Eftirfarandi lýsing á Herforingjaráðskortum er tekin af vef Landsbókasafns: Á síðasta áratug 19. aldar varð dönskum yfirvöldum ljóst að þau kort sem til voru af Íslandi stæðust ekki þær kröfur sem gera þyrfti í samfélagi þess tíma. Bestu kort af Íslandi sem buðust voru í stórum dráttum byggð á strandmælingum danska sjóhersins sem fram fóru á árunum 1801-1818 annars vegar og hins vegar á kortum Björns Gunnlaugssonar sem byggð voru á fyrrnefndum strandmælingum og eigin mælingum Björns á árunum 1831-1843. Á fjárlögum 1899 voru veittar 5000 krónur og skyldi hefja nýjar þríhyrninga- og strandmælingar á Reykjanesi. Árið 1900 var gefin út í Danmörku tilskipun um að sendur skyldi leiðangur til Íslands til að mæla hér grunnlínu og hnattstöðu. Síðan var ætlunin að mæla þríhyrninganet út frá nýju grunnlínunni. Hingað voru sendir danskir liðsforingjar og sumarið 1900 var unnin ýmis undirbúningsvinna. Árið 1902 höfðu fjárveitingar verið auknar svo að rétt þótti að hefjast handa. Byrjað var á Hornafirði og mælt vestur ströndina og um lágsveitir Suðurlands en uppsveitum og hálendi frestað. Verkinu var svo haldið áfram tvö næstu árin en féll niður 1905 vegna fjárskorts og annarra anna hjá Landmælingadeild danska herforingjaráðsins (Generalstabens topografiske Afdeling) er tókst verkið á hendur. Eftir eins árs bið var þráðurinn tekinn upp að nýju enda bættist nú við fjárstyrkur úr ríkissjóði Dana. Á árunum 1906-1914 var unnið öll sumur, nema 1909, þegar ekkert var aðhafst. Var þá lokið byggðamælingum sunnanlands og mælt um Vesturland, norður og austur um Húnaflóa. Árangurinn var 117 kortblöð af þriðjungi landsins, suður- og vesturhluta, í mælikvarða 1:50.000 (auk nokkurra sérkorta af afmörkuðum svæðum). Þau eru gjarnan nefnd herforingjaráðskortin í höfuðið á þeim sem stóðu fyrir gerð þeirra.