The combined Water and Wetness product is a thematic product showing the occurrence of water and wet surfaces over the period from 2009 to 2015. Two products are available: o The main Water and Wetness (WAW) product with defined classes of (1) permanent water, (2) temporary water, (3) permanent wetness and (4) temporary wetness. o The additional expert product: Water & Wetness Probability Index (WWPI) The products show the occurrence of water and indicate the degree of wetness in a physical sense, assessed independently of the actual vegetation cover and are thus not limited to a specific land cover class and their relative frequencies. A verification of the Water and Wetness layer was performed by the National Land Survey of Iceland during autumn of 2018 and the data and resulting report are made available on the NLSI websites.

The high resolution forest product consists of three types of (status) products and additional change products. The status products are available for the 2012 and 2015 reference years: 1. Tree cover density providing level of tree cover density in a range from 0-100% 2. Dominant leaf type providing information on the dominant leaf type: broadleaved or coniferous 3. A Forest type product. The forest type product allows to get as close as possible to the FAO forest definition. In its original (20m) resolution it consists of two products: 1) a dominant leaf type product that has a MMU of 0.5 ha, as well as a 30% tree cover density threshold applied, and 2) a support layer that maps, based on the dominant leaf type product, trees under agricultural use and in urban context (derived from CLC and high resolution imperviousness 2009 data). For the final 100m product trees under agricultural use and urban context from the support layer are removed. The high resolution forest change products comprise a simple tree cover density change product for 2012-2015 (% increase or decrease of real tree cover density changes). A verification of the Dominant Leaf Type layer was performed by the National Land Survey of Iceland during autumn of 2018 and the data and resulting report are made available on the NLSI websites.

Corine Land Cover (CLC) 2012 and CLC change 2006-2012 are two of the datasets produced within the frame of the Initial Operations of the Copernicus programme (the European Earth monitoring programme previously known as GMES) on land monitoring. Corine Land Cover (CLC) provides consistent information on land cover and land cover changes across Europe. This inventory was initiated in 1985 (reference year 1990) and established a time series of land cover information with updates in 2000, 2006 and 2012 being the last one. CLC products are based on photointerpretation of satellite images by national teams of participating countries - the EEA member and cooperating countries – following a standard methodology and nomenclature with the following base parameters: 44 classes in the hierarchical three level Corine nomenclature; minimum mapping unit (MMU) for status layers is 25 hectares; minimum width of linear elements is 100 metres; minimum mapping unit (MMU) for Land Cover Changes (LCC) for the change layers is 5 hectares. The resulting national land cover inventories are further integrated into a seamless land cover map of Europe.Land cover and land use (LCLU) information is important not only for land change research, but also more broadly for the monitoring of environmental change, policy support, the creation of environmental indicators and reporting. CLC datasets provide important datasets supporting the implementation of key priority areas of the Environment Action Programmes of the European Union as protecting ecosystems, halting the loss of biological diversity, tracking the impacts of climate change, assessing developments in agriculture and implementing the EU Water Framework Directive, among others.More about the Corine Land Cover (CLC) and Copernicus land monitoring data in general can be found at http://land.copernicus.eu/.

The high resolution imperviousness products capture the percentage and change of soil sealing. Built-up areas are characterized by the substitution of the original (semi-) natural land cover or water surface with an artificial, often impervious cover. These artificial surfaces are usually maintained over long periods of time. A series of high resolution imperviousness datasets (for the 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015 reference years) with all artificially sealed areas was produced using automatic derivation based on calibrated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). This series of imperviousness layers constitutes the main status layers. They are per-pixel estimates of impermeable cover of soil (soil sealing) and are mapped as the degree of imperviousness (0-100%). Imperviousness change layers were produced as a difference between the reference years (2006-2009, 2009-2012, 2012-2015 and additionally 2006-2012, to fully match the CORINE Land Cover production cycle) and are presented 1) as degree of imperviousness change (-100% -- +100%), in 20m and 100m pixel size, and 2) a classified (categorical) 20m change product. The production of the High Resolution Imperviousness products was coordinated by the European Environment Agency in the frame of the EU Copernicus programme. A verification of the Imperviousness layer was performed by the National Land Survey of Iceland during autumn of 2018 and the data and resulting report are made available on the NLSI websites.

The high resolution forest product consists of three types of (status) products and additional change products. The status products are available for the 2012 and 2015 reference years: 1. Tree cover density providing level of tree cover density in a range from 0-100% 2. Dominant leaf type providing information on the dominant leaf type: broadleaved or coniferous 3. A Forest type product. The forest type product allows to get as close as possible to the FAO forest definition. In its original (20m) resolution it consists of two products: 1) a dominant leaf type product that has a MMU of 0.5 ha, as well as a 30% tree cover density threshold applied, and 2) a support layer that maps, based on the dominant leaf type product, trees under agricultural use and in urban context (derived from CLC and high resolution imperviousness 2009 data). For the final 100m product trees under agricultural use and urban context from the support layer are removed. The high resolution forest change products comprise a simple tree cover density change product for 2012-2015 (% increase or decrease of real tree cover density changes). A verification of the Tree Cover Density layer was performed by the National Land Survey of Iceland during autumn of 2018 and the data and resulting report are made available on the NLSI websites.

Corine Land Cover (CLC) 2018 and CLC change 2012-2018 are two of the datasets produced within the frame of the Initial Operations of the Copernicus programme (the European Earth monitoring programme previously known as GMES) on land monitoring.Corine Land Cover (CLC) provides consistent information on land cover and land cover changes across Europe. This inventory was initiated in 1985 (reference year 1990) and established a time series of land cover information with updates in 2000, 2006. 2012 and now 2018. CLC products are based on photointerpretation of satellite images by national teams of participating countries - the EEA member and cooperating countries – following a standard methodology and nomenclature with the following base parameters: 44 classes in the hierarchical three level Corine nomenclature; minimum mapping unit (MMU) for status layers is 25 hectares; minimum width of linear elements is 100 metres; minimum mapping unit (MMU) for Land Cover Changes (LCC) for the change layers is 5 hectares. The resulting national land cover inventories are further integrated into a seamless land cover map of Europe. Land cover and land use (LCLU) information is important not only for land change research, but also more broadly for the monitoring of environmental change, policy support, the creation of environmental indicators and reporting. CLC datasets provide important datasets supporting the implementation of key priority areas of the Environment Action Programmes of the European Union as protecting ecosystems, halting the loss of biological diversity, tracking the impacts of climate change, assessing development in agriculture and implementing the EU Water Framework Directive, among others. More about the Corine Land Cover (CLC) and Copernicus land monitoring data in general can be found at http://land.copernicus.eu/

Riparian zones represent transitional areas occurring between land and freshwater ecosystems, characterised by distinctive hydrology, soil and biotic conditions and strongly influenced by the stream water. They provide a wide range of riparian functions (e.g. chemical filtration, flood control, bank stabilization, aquatic life and riparian wildlife support, etc.) and ecosystem services. The Riparian Zones products will support the objectives of several European legal acts and policy initiatives, such as the EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020, the Habitats and Birds Directives and the Water Framework Directive. Land Cover/Land Use (LC/LU) classification is tailored to the needs of biodiversity monitoring in a tailored buffer zone along large and medium-sized European rivers (with Strahler levels 3-8 derived from EU-Hydro). LC/LU is extracted from VHR satellite data and other available data in a buffer zone of selected rivers. The classes follow the pre-defined nomenclature on the basis of MAES typology of ecosystems (Level 1 to Level 4) and Corine Land Cover, providing 80 distinct thematic classes with a Minimum Mapping Unit (MMU) of 0.5 ha and a Minimum Mapping Width (MMW) of 10 m. The production of the Riparian Zones products was coordinated by the European Environment Agency in the frame of the EU Copernicus programme.

Á síðustu árum hefur gögnum verið aflað fyrir nýtt landhæðarlíkan norðurhveli jarðar, norðan við 60°N, þar með talið af Íslandi. Almennt er það nefnt Arctic-landhæðaríkan (e. ArcticDEM) og er unnið af Bandaríkjamönnum. Vinnan fer fram við Polar Geospatial Center (PGC) sem er innan veggja Minnesota háskóla. Líkanið er unnið úr gervitunglamyndum og eru notuð myndpör (stereoscopic) frá gervitunglum á borð við WorldView-1, WorldView-2, WorldView-3 og GeoEye-1. Greinihæfni mynda frá þessum tunglum er á bilinu 31-46 cm. Með þessum gögnum er unnið landhæðaríkan þar sem minnstu reitir eru 2x2 m. Þetta þýðir að ef öllu Íslandi er deilt upp í 4 m2 reiti hefur hver slíkur eitt hæðargildi. Þær myndir sem notaðar eru til verkefnisins eru yfirleitt 2-3 ára en allt að 6-7 ára gamlar. Mjög öflugur hugbúnaður er notaður við verkið og hefur miklum gögnum þegar verið komið á framfæri en allir geta sótt gögnin á niðurhalssíðu PGC. Þótt gögnin teljist almennt góð er engu að síður þörf á að lagfæra eða leiðrétta agnúa sem í þeim finnast. Landmælingar Íslands hafa sótt gögnin og þar fer fram vinna við lagfæringar þeirra. Þetta sýnishorn af Herðubreið er dæmi um þá vinnu sem Landmælingar nú hafa með höndum. Gögnin innihalda landhæðarlíkan (2-m-greinihæfni), 2-m-hæðarlínur og hæðarskyggingu (hillshade). Umrædd hæðargögn fyrir Herðubreið byggjast einkum á WorldView-1 gervitunglamynd frá 16. júlí, 2012. Recently, elevation data has been acquired for a new elevation model for the Arctic, i.e. north of 60°N that includes Iceland. This model is referred to as the ArcticDEM and the project is carried out by the US. The work is conducted by the Polar Geospatial Center (PGC) at the University of Minnesota. The DEM is based on satellite imagery of stereo-pairs from satellites such as WorldView-1, WorldView-2, WorldView-3 and GeoEye-1 that have a resolution of 31-46 cm. The DEM product has a resolution of up to 2 m, which means that if the whole of Iceland was divided into 4 square meter areas, each such area would have an elevation value. The used imagery used is mostly between 2 and 3 years old, up 6 to 7 years old. Powerful software/hardware is used for this project and already immense amount of DEM data has been made available and can be downloaded from the Polar Geospatial Center. Although the data is generally of high quality there is, however, need to carry out considerable work to eliminate clear defects. The National Land Survey has acquired the data and presently work is conducted on gap filling, elevation cone removal and geoid corrections and the Herðubreið DEM is an example this work. The Herðubreið data set consists of a digital elevation model with 2 m resolution, 2 m contour line data set and a hillshade made from the model. The model is mainly based on a WorldView-1 satellite image obtained on July 16th 2012.